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Finding the Rhythm: An Introduction to Beher (Meter)

Published on September 19, 2025

While Qafiya and Radif deal with the words in a ghazal, Beher (بحر) deals with its soul: the rhythm. Beher is the poetic meter, the specific pattern of long and short syllables that must be maintained in both lines of every couplet. It is the invisible architecture that gives a poem its flow and musicality, making it pleasing to the ear.

Feeling the Rhythm: An Example

You don't need to know the complex theory of Beher to feel its presence. Read this famous couplet by Faiz Ahmed Faiz aloud:

Guloñ meñ rang bhare baad-e-naubahār chale
Chale bhī aao ke gulshan kā kārobār chale

Notice how both lines have an identical rhythmic flow? The pattern of syllables is perfectly matched. This consistent rhythm is the Beher. A ghazal written "out of beher" (beher se kharij) will sound awkward and disjointed, no matter how profound its meaning.

Why is Beher So Important?

Beher acts as the foundation upon which a ghazal is built.

  • Structure & Discipline: It provides a strict framework that challenges the poet's creativity and skill.
  • Musicality & Memorability: A poem in a consistent meter is inherently more musical and easier to remember and recite. This is why so many ghazals are sung.

While the science behind Beher is vast and complex, appreciating it is simple. Just read the poetry aloud and let yourself be carried by its natural rhythm.